Topic 1

Gear Two

Parts of Speech     (Word classes)

1.  Nouns

2.  Pronouns

3.  Verbs

4.  Adjectives

5.  Adverbs

6.  Conjunctions

7.  Prepositions

8.  Interjections

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1.  Nouns are names of people, animals, things and places.

2.  Pronouns are words to replace the nouns mentioned before.  We use

    them to avoid repeating the names.  The list of Personal Pronouns give

    all the details of Pronouns    

3.  Verbs are words expressing actions or the state of being.  Only

     Ordinary Verbs show actions.  Verb-to-be shows the state of being

     only.

4.  Adjectives are words used to describe people, animals, things and

     places.  In other words, adjectives are words which modify nouns.

`   They are usually placed before nouns or after Verb-to-be.

5.  Adverbs

     An Adverb of Manner tells us How an action is done.

     An Adverb of Place tells us Where an action takes place.

     An Adverb of Time tells us When an action is done.

     An Adverb of Frequency tells us How Often an action happens.

     An Adverb of Degree tells us To What Extent an action is done.

6.  Conjunctions join words, phrases and sentences.

7.  Prepositions are words that are used to show the relationship between        

     the Noun or the Pronoun  (Objective Case (P3) and the rest of the

     sentence.  It is placed before a Noun, a Pronoun (P3) and a Gerund 

     (F2).

     

8.  Interjections (Exclamations) are words showing the strong feelings of

     anger, excitement, fear, happiness, surprise and so on.

Topic 1                   Personal Pronouns

           P1                P2                P3                P4                  P5           

1.         I                 my                me              mine            myself

2.       You               your              you             yours            yourself   

3.        He                his                him             his                himself

4.       She               her                her             hers              herself

5.        It                 its                  it                ---                itself

6.       We               our                 us               ours              ourselves

7.      You               your                you             yours            yourselves

8.      They              their               them           theirs            themselves

1.  [I] ---------- the first person singular

2.  [You] ------- the second person singular

3.  [He] --------  the third person singular        (boy / man)

4.  [She] ------- the third person singular         (girl / woman)

5.  [It]  --------- the third person singular         (animal / thing / place)

    [ I / You / He / She / It] ------ Singular in person

    [He / She / It]  ------- the third person singular    

6.  [We]  -------- the first person plural          (I ----We  )

7.  [You]  -------- the second person plural     (You----- You)

8.  [They]  ------- the third person plural        (He / She / It ---à They)

Peter and I  ------------ We

You and Peter --------- You

The children

The cats

The stones                                   -----------      They

George and his friends

My parents

(Without ‘I / You’, all the plural subject nouns can be replaced by They)

P1  (Nominative Case)  / (Subjective Case)

All the persons ‘I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They’ are followed by verbs of different tenses.

            I walk to school every day.

            Peter  shouted a lot yesterday.                                         (1)

P2       (Possessive Adjective)     P2 + noun = P4

It is an attributive adjective.  Therefore, it is only placed before a noun.

     That is my brother.

     [Their parents] are busy every day.

P3      (Objective Case)

It is used as an object of a Verb, a Preposition or a Gerund.  In other words, it is placed after a Verb, a Preposition or a Gerund (F2).

After a Verb:

      [My mother] hugs (me) every day.

      I feed (my dog) every day.

      I give (it) (rice and meat).

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After a Preposition:

      [I] pointed at (him) just now.

      [My aunt] bought (a watch) for (me).

     

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After a Gerund: (F2 / Ving)

      [We] thanked the man for helping (us).

      [Biki] remembered meeting (her) before.

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P4        (Possessive Pronouns)   P4 = P2 + noun

It is used to avoid repeating the Noun mentioned earlier.

      [That book] is yours.          (yours = your book)

      [Mine] is here.                   (mine = my book)

      [This] is Tom’s bicycle.

      [Hers]  is over there.            (Hers = her bicycle)

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P5         (Reflexive Pronouns)

It is used to emphasise.  It must agree with the right person.

      [I] wash the shoes (myself) every Saturday.

      [She herself] prepares breakfast every morning.

                                                                                                    (2)

Gear 2 Exercises

Topic 1                       Personal Pronouns                                       

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with a suitable words in ‘P1 or P2’.

1.  You are Urich.  ___________ school is near the river.

2.  Meena and I are classmates.  _________ talk to each other every day.

     ___________ Mathematics teacher is Miss Yong.

3.  ________ am Aminah.  __________ hobbies are reading and drawing.

4.  Peter has many friends.  John is __________ best friend.  _________

     play and run together every day.

5.  Helen has a pet.  ________ is a hamster.  _________ takes care of

     _________ pet well.

6.  My uncle is an engineer.  _________ is very busy every day.

7.  __________ love my parents.  __________ are kind and good.

8.  ________ is an elephant.  ________ legs are strong. 

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in ‘P1 or P2 ’.

1.  You and Tom are talkative.  _________ talk too much in class. 

2.  _________ is Mr Ting.  _________ car is blue in colour.    

3.  __________ is a squirrel.  ________ tail is long and curly.

4.  __________ am Ali.  _________ sister is Alice. 

5.  John and I have a bicycle.  _________ bicycles are new. 

6.  Tina and her friends like playing basketball.  _________ play basketball

     every Wednesday afternoon.  _________ basketball coach is patient 

     and good to them.

7.  _________ is Miss Bong.  _________ hair is long and neat.  ________

     is beautiful and good.

8.  You are Joseph.  _________ house is along Jalan Rose.  ________ take

     good care of it.

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with a suitable in ‘P3’.

1.  This is Miss Lau.  We all like _________ very much.

2.  My mother is loving.  She hugs _______ every day.  I hug ______ too.

3.  I have a kitten.  I give __________ food and water every day.

4.  Tim’s father is a stallholder.  Tim always helps __________ on the

     weekends.

5.  You are helpful.  We all like __________ very much.

6.  George and his friends like fishing.  I often see ________ fishing at the

     river near the park.

7.  Rita and I often go shopping together.  Our mothers often go with

    __________.                                                                            (3)

Exercise 4                                                                                       

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in ‘P4’.

1.  John and I have kites.  John’s kite is  butterfly-shaped and __________

     is dragonfly-shaped.

2.  Nora and I have new rackets.  These rackets are ________________.

3.  That is Peter.  That toy boat is ____________.

4.  My sister has a doll.  This doll is ______________.

5.  Your kitten is sleeping over there.  _________ is sleeping here.

6.  You love marbles.  These marbles are ______________.

7.  Akira and her friends collect stickers.  These stickers are ___________.

8.  My parents have a new car.  This new car is ____________.

9.  You and Albert have goggles.  These goggles are ______________.

10.  I have a watch.  This watch is ______________.

Exercise 5

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in ‘P5’.

1.  Joe always washes clothes for ____________.

2.  My pet tortoise likes to hide ____________ in the shell.

3.  I look after __________ well.

4.  You and Jurina take care of ______________ very well.

5.  Julia often prepares breakfast for ____________.

6.  You cut _____________ accidentally.

7.  Ahmad and I do the work  ______________.

8.  Akira and her friends always share food among _______________.

9.  She carried the load ______________.

10.  The dog licks ____________.

Exercise 6

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in Personal Pronouns.

1.  My grandparents are old but ___________ are very healthy.

2.  Cecilia has a uncle.  ________ is a very tall and thin man.

3.  Miss Chieng scolds _________ when we become talkative in class.

4.  The children like Mrs Huang because __________ often tells 

     ____________ interesting stories.

5.  Tina likes to go shopping all by ______________.

6.  “Behave ___________, John,” John’s mother said.

7.  Miss Lee said, “Behave _______________, boys and girls.”

8.  Betty puts her spectacles in a case.  I put _________ in my pocket.

9.  You and Joe like to roam the street.  I often see _________ on Sunday.

10.  James and I enjoy drawing.  Miss Ling often teaches ________ how to

      draw.  __________ like her very much because ________ is good and

      kind.  We always listen to __________ attentively.                    (4)