Tuesday, 16 July 2013

Topic 13



Topic 13          Comparison of Adjectives
There are 3 degrees of adjectives.
            A1  -----  Positive Degree
            A2  -----  Comparative Degree
            A3  -----  Superlative Degree

A)  We only use Verb-to-be or Linking verb
     a)  A predicative adjective is used after Verb-to-be
               am
               is              was
               are            were

     b)  after Linking verb
          appear, become, fall, feel, get, keep, look, seem, smell, sound,
          stay, taste   
    
     c)  An attributive adjective is used before a noun.

B)  a)  The  Positive Degree  (A1)       
          i)   as  ------  as

              Ali is tall.
              Ali is as tall as Tom.
For the Positive Degree, we use ‘as ----- as’ to show the same state of the two persons, animals, things or places.  We also use the Positive Degree to describe without any comparison like the sentence ‘Ali is tall.’

         ii)  not so  ----- as 
              Mary is not so thin as Alice.
For negative statement, we use ‘not so ----- as’
   
     b)  The Comparative Degree         (A2)         
         i)  adjective + er / r /  than
        ii)  more adjective than        
             John is taller than Peter
             My aunt is braver than my uncle.
             Tina is more hardworking than Maria.

In the Comparative Degree, we have to suffix ‘er’ or ‘r’ to an adjective.  For the word which has the letter ‘e’ at the end of the word like ‘brave’, we only have to suffix ‘r’.  For the word which we can’t suffix ‘er / r ’ , we have to use ‘more’. The Comparative Degree usually associates with the word ‘than’.                                                                                 (38)
      c)  The Superlative Degree        (A3)                               
           i)  the adjective + est / st of / among                               
          ii)  the most adjective of / among
             Paul is the tallest boy among his friends.                     
             Jack is the bravest in his class.
             Ann is the most hardworking of all.

For the Superlative Degree, we have to suffix ‘est / st’ to an adjective.
For the word which has ‘e’ at the end of the word, we only suffix ‘st’.  For the word, we can’t suffix ‘est / st’ ,we use ‘most’.

C)  Forms of Comparison  ---------   Regular and Irregular
     a)  Regular Forms of Comparison
 
            A1                    A2 (er / r than)     A3 (est / st than) 
1.    as  big as               bigger# than       the biggest of
2.    as  black as            blacker than         the blackest of
3.    as  bold as              bolder than         the boldest of
4.    as  bright as            brighter than       the brightest of
5.    as  busy*  as           busier than          the  busiest of
6.    as  cheap as            cheaper than       the cheapest of
7.    as   clean as            cleaner than         the  cleanest of
8.    as   clear as            clearer than          the clearest of
9.    as   clever as           cleverer than       the cleverest of
10.  as   cold  as             colder than          the coldest of
11.  as   cool  as             cooler than           the coolest of
12.  as   dark as             darker  than          the darkest of
13.  as   dear as             dearer  than          the dearest of
14.  as   deep as            deeper  than          the deepest of
15.  as  dirty* as           dirtier than              the dirtiest of
16.  as dusty* as           dustier than             the dustiest of
17.  as dry* as              drier than                the driest of
18.  as easy* as           easier than              the easiest  of
19.  as fair as                fairer than               the fairest of
20.  as  fast  as             faster than               the fastest of
21.  as  fat as               fatter# than              the fattest of
22.  as  fine as             finer than                  the finest of
23.  as funny* as        funnier than               the funniest of
24.  as great as            greater than               the greatest of
25.  as green as           greener than               the greenest of       (39)
26.  as happy* as        happier than                the happiest of               
27.  as hard as            harder than                 the hardest of         
28.  as healthy* as       healthier than              the healthiest of
29.  as heavy* as         heavier than                the heaviest of        
30.   as high as            higher than                  the highest of
31.  as hot as              hotter# than                 the hottest of
32.  as hungry* as       hungrier than                the hungriest of
33.  as kind as             kinder than                   the kindest of
34.  as large as            larger than                    the largest of
35. as late as               later than                      the latest of
36.  as lazy* as            lazier than                     the laziest of    
37.  as light as             lighter than                    the lightest of
38.  as long as             longer than                    the longest of
39.  as low as              lower than                      the lowest of
40.  as lucky* as          luckier than                     the luckiest of
41.  as muddy* as        muddier than                  the muddiest of                           
42.  as merry* as         merrier than                    the merriest of
43.  as narrow as         narrower than                  the narrowest of
44.  as naughty* as      naughtier than                 the naughtiest of
45.  as near as             nearer than                      the nearest of
46.  as new as              newer than                      the newest of
47.  as nice as              nicer than                        the nicest of
48.  as noisy* as           noisier than                     the noisiest of
49.  as old as                older than                       the oldest of
50.  as pale as               paler than                       the palest of
51.  as poor as              poorer than                     the poorest of
52.  as pretty* as          prettier than                     the prettiest of
53.  as proud as            prouder than                    the proudest of
54.  as quick as             quicker than                     the quickest of
55.  as red as                redder# than                   the reddest of
56.  as rich as                richer than                      the richest of
57.  as ripe as                riper than                        the ripest of
58.  as sad as                 sadder# than                  the saddest of
59.  as safe as                safer than                       the safest of
60.  as shallow as           shallower than                 the shallowest of
61.  as sharp as              sharper than                    the sharpest of
62.  as short as              shorter than                      the shortest of
63.  as simple as            simpler than                      the simplest of  (40)
64.  as slow as               slower than                       the slowest of 
65.  as small as              smaller than                      the smallest of
66.  as smooth as           smoother than                   the smoothest of
67.  as strong as             stronger than                    the strongest
68.  as sweet as             sweeter than                     the sweetest of
69.  as tall as                 taller than                         the tallest of
70.  as thick as               thicker than                      the thickest of
71.  as thin as                thinner# than                    the thinnest of
72.  as tiny* as              tinier than                          the tiniest of
73.  as true as               truer than                           the truest of
74.  as ugly*  as            uglier than                          the ugliest of
75.  as warm as             warmer than                       the warmest of
76.  as wealthy* as        wealthier than                     the wealthiest of
77.  as wet as                wetter# than                      the wettest of
78.  as white as             whiter than                         the whitest of
79.  as wide as              wider than                          the widest of
80.  as wise as              wiser than                           the wisest of
81.  as young as            younger than                      the youngest of 

                                   more adj than                 the most adj of   
1.  as beautiful as        more beautiful than          the most beautiful of
2.  as careful as           more careful than             the most careful of
3.  as comfortable as    more comfortable than      the most comfortable of
4.  as dangerous as      more dangerous than        the most dangerous of
5.  as expensive as       more expensive than         the most expensive of
6.  as foolish as            more foolish than              the most foolish of
7.  as forgetful as         more forgetful than           the most forgetful of
8.  as handsome as      more handsome than         the most handsome of
9.  as helpful as           more helpful than              the most helpful of
10. as honest as          more honest than              the most honest of 
11. as painful as          more painful than              the most painful of
12. as peaceful as        more peaceful than           the most peaceful of
13. as pleasant as        more pleasant than           the most pleasant of
14. as polite as            more polite than               the most polite of
15. as useful as           more useful than               the most useful of
16.  as wonderful as    more wonderful than          the most wonderful of
                                                                                                (41)                                                                                            

b)  Irregular Forms of Comparison
1.  as bad as              worse than                        the worst of
2.  as good as            better than                        the best of              
3.  as little as             less than                            the least of
4.  as many as           more than                          the most of
5.  as much as           more than                          the most of
6.  as far as               farther than  (distance)        the farthest of
                                further than  (degree)          the furthest of

1.  as excited as (F4)    more excited than             the most excited of
2.  as surprised as        more surprised than           the most surprised of
3.  as frightened as      more frightened than          the most frightened of
4.  as interesting as(F2) more interesting than         the most interesting of
5.  as thrilling as           more thrilling than             the most thrilling of

* The Present Participle (F2) and Past Participle (F4) can be used as
    adjectives.  We use F2 when the subject is a thing and we use F4 when
    the subject is the people or animal.
            Nora was more excited than Lucy to hear the news.
            This book is the most interesting of all the book I have.

*  For the word ended in ‘y’ and the letters before it are not ‘a, e, i, o, u’,
    just drop ‘y’ and suffix ‘ier’ for the Comparative Degree of adjectives 
    and ‘iest’ for the Superlative Degree of adjectives.

Try and See
1.  Biki is as ___________  as a mouse.  Susan is _______________
     than Biki.  But Tim is the ________________ of all.  (timid)
2.  Tom is ________________  than Hassan.  Hashim is as
      _________________ as his sister.  Peter is the _______________ of 
     all.     (frightened)
3.  George is ____________ .  His sister is _______________ than he.
     His elder brother is as ______________ as his sister.  His cousin is
     the_________________ of all.         (hardworking)
4.  Rita looks ___________ today.  Betty looks as ___________ as Rita.
     But Cecilia looks _____________ of all.      (pale)
5.  Jim has a ____________ dog.  My dog is _____________ than Jim’s
     Jack has the _______________dog of all.       (fierce)


                                                                                                (42)
Topic 13             Comparison of Adjectives                                  
Exercise 73
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree of Adjectives.
1.  Norlina is _______________(polite) than her sister is.
2.  I am ______________(heavy) of all in my class.
3.  You and Helen are ______________ (active) than Tom and Peter are.
4.  Mr Chan is _______________ (busy) of all here.
5.  This dog is as ____________ (fierce) as that dog.
6.  These long beans are ____________(nice) than those peas.
7.  Maria and her friends are __________________(helpful) of all in the
     neighbourhood.
8.  My grandfather is as____________(strong) as a bull.
9.  That pupil is _____________________(attentive) of all in the class.
10.  My parents are as_______________________(happy) as a lark.

Exercise 74
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree of Adjectives.
1.  You and Betty have _______________________(long) hair than I.
2.  Mrs Yii is as ________________________ (healthy) as Mr Yii.
3.  The children in this class are_____________(quiet) of all in the school.
4.  Yalee and I are so much______________(clean) than Luke and his
     friends.
5.  Ramus is______________(fat) of all the boys here.
6.  The goose is _____________(big) than the duck
7.  This flower smells as_____________(nice) as a rose.
8.  I am ______________________ (obedient) than my brother.
9.  You are as________________________ (busy) as a bee.
10.  That ring is _____________________(expensive) of all in the case.

Exercise 75
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree of Adjectives.
1.  This sum is   ______________________ (difficult) of all.
2.  The juice tastes as ___________________(sweet) as honey.
3.  The weather today is_______________________(hot) than yesterday.
4.  Mark was as__________________(thin) as a bamboo stick last year.
5.  This part of the river is __________________________(deep) of all.
6.  Your bulldog is as_______________________(cute) as my pekinese .
7.  Aida was ________________________(lucky) than Alina last Thursday.
8.  John’s little brother was _______________(naughty) of all the children
     here last Tuesday. 
9.  I am as__________________________(calm) as a cat.
10.  You are __________________________(careful) than Timothy.
                                                                                         (43)

Exercise 76                                                                                 
Fill in the blanks with a suitable degree of Adjectives.
1.  That man is __________________________(foolish) than a donkey.
2.  Nora is as_______________________________(gentle) as my sister.
3.  George is ________________________________(patient) of all here.
4.  This pot is as _____________________________(useful)  as the wok.
5.  Clean air, water and food are____________________(valuable) of all.
6.  Your grandfather is ________________(forgetful) than my grandfather. 
7.  Mr Hu is ____________________(generous) of all the rich people here.
8.  I had ________________________(frightening) dream of all last night.
9.  Tina’s aunt is ___________________________(wealthy) than my aunt.
10.  He is as_____________________________________(slow) as a snail.

Exercise 77
Fill in the blanks with a suitable degree of Adjectives.
1.  Gui Eng has ___________________________(many) story books of all.
2.  The river was ______________________ (dirty) yesterday than today.
3.  The road today is as______________________(muddy) as yesterday .
4.  This tiger is _____________________________________(wild) of all.
5.  Tina’s little sister is ____________________________(fair) than Tina.
6.  Ah Kow is as__________________________________(lazy) as a pig.
7.  This knife is __________________________(sharp) than the dagger.
8.  Wendy’s grandmother is __________________________(wise) of all.
9.  Her face was___________________(red) than a beetroot last Tuesday.
10.  Zi Wei is as ____________________________(proud) as a peacock.
11.  The living conditions there are ____________ (bad) than hell.
12.  This herb is _____________________(tonic) of all.

Exercise 78
Fill in the blanks with a suitable degree of Adjectives.
1.  Mr Tong is as_________________________(poor) as a church mouse.
2.  Tom’s brother was _____________________(brave) of all in the camp.
3.  My shirt is ___________________________________(wet) than a fish.
4.  This balloon is as____________________________(light) as a feather.
5.  Ahmad, the fatty is __________________________(clumsy) among all.
6.  Abu’s voice is________________________________(clear) than a bell.
7.  This dictionary is _____________________________(good) than gold.
8.  His ideas were _________________________________(brilliant) of all.
9.  His shoes are ____________________________(clean) than a new pin.
10.  The stairs were as__________________(slippery) as an eel yesterday
      morning.
11. Clean air, water and organic food are _____________(precious) of all.
12.  She is as ______________(straight) as a pencil.               (44)

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