Tuesday, 16 July 2013

Topic 24



Topic 24                     Short Forms
We use Short forms for the words ‘am / is / are / have / has / will / not’.  The words ‘am / is / are / have / has / will ’ are only joined with the [Subject]  and an apostrophe is used in place of a letter or letters which we omit.  The word ‘not’ only joins with Auxiliary Modal Verbs.

1.  am  ------------ ‘m
     I am                                     I’ m

2.  is  --------------  ‘s
     He / She / It                           He’s / She’s / It’s
     That                                       That’s                  
     There is                                  There’ s       
     What / Where / Who                What’s /Where’s /Who’s                                               
     
3.  are  ---------------- ‘re
     We / You / They are                We’re / You’re / They’ re         

4.  have  ----------------- ‘ve
     I / We /You /You /They have     I’ve / We’ve /You’ve /You’ve /They’ ve  

5.  has  ------------------ ‘s
     He /She /It                              He’s /She’s / It’s
     There has                                There’ s
     What / Where / Who                 What’s / Where’s / Who’s

6.  shall / will  ------------------   ‘ll
     *I /We       shall / will                     I’ll / We’ ll
     You /You /He /She /It /They  will     You’ll / You’ll /He’ll /She’ll /It’ll
                                                         They’ ll  

7.  not  --------------------------   n’t 
     *am                                        aren’t                            
       is / are / was / were               isn’t / aren’t / wasn’t / weren’t
       have / has / had                    haven’t / hasn’t / hadn’t
       do / does / did                       don’t / doesn’t / didn’t
       can / could                            *can’t  / couldn’t
       may / might                            mayn’t / mightn’t
       will / would     V                     *won’t / wouldn’t   V
       shall / should                        * shan’t / shouldn’t  
must                                        mustn’t                                                     ought to V                               oughtn’t to V                      

Topic 24                   Short Forms                                                 
Exercise 139   (P1 & short forms)
Rewrite the following Subject and Verb in short forms. 
1.  He is                      __________________________
2.  They are                __________________________
3.  I am                      __________________________
4.  She is                    __________________________
5.  We are                  __________________________
6.  The children were   __________________________  
7.  My parents are        __________________________
8.  Mary was                __________________________
9.  Tom is                    __________________________
10.  The teachers were  __________________________

Exercise 140
Rewrite the following Subject and Verb in short forms.
1.  That is                    __________________________
2.  Jane has                 __________________________
3.  We have                 __________________________
4.  There is                  __________________________
5.  I have                    __________________________
6.  He has                   __________________________
7.  You have                __________________________
8.  They have              __________________________
9.  James has              __________________________
10.  You are                __________________________
11.  It is                      _________________________
12.  The dog is            __________________________

Exercise 141
Rewrite the following Question-words / Subject and Verb in short forms.
1.  What is                  __________________________
2.  Where has              ______________________
3.  Who is                    ______________________
4.  Where is                 ______________________
5.  What has                ______________________
6.  Who has                 ______________________
7.  I shall                     ______________________
8.  Hassan will              ______________________
9.  Hie Eng will             ______________________
10.  We shall                _____________________
11.  Who will                _____________________
12.  When will              _____________________                           (85)

Exercise 142                                                                                 
Rewrite the following Verb and Not in short forms.
1.  were not                ______________________
2.  was not                 ______________________
3.  am not                  ______________________
4.  is not                    ______________________
5.  are not                  ______________________
6.  do not                   ______________________
7.  can not                  ______________________
8.  does not                ______________________
9.  have not                ______________________
10. could not              ______________________

Exercise 143
Rewrite the following Verb and Not in short forms.
1.  has not                 ______________________
2.  may not                ______________________
3.  will not                 ______________________
4.  must not               ______________________
5.  had not                 ______________________
6.  might not              ______________________
7.  would not              ______________________
8.  shall not                ______________________
9.  should not             ______________________
10.  did not                ______________________
11.  ought not             ______________________
12.  need not              ______________________

Exercise 144
Rewrite the following “Subject and Verb” or “Verb and Not” or “Question – words and Verb” in short forms. (Use short forms where necessary.)
1.  We did not know where he was yesterday.      
     __________________________________________________________
2.  Who will fix the door of the kitchen for me?                
     __________________________________________________________
3.  Jane does not bother to help in the gardening.             
     __________________________________________________________
4.  I am hanging out the clothes to dry.                   
     __________________________________________________________
5.  Nora has all the information to operate the machine.
     __________________________________________________________
6.  I was not in good mood yesterday.                   
     _____________________________________________________ (86)

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