Topic 24 Short Forms
We use Short forms for the words ‘am / is /
are / have / has / will / not’. The
words ‘am / is / are / have / has / will ’ are only joined with the
[Subject] and an apostrophe is used in
place of a letter or letters which we omit.
The word ‘not’ only joins with Auxiliary Modal Verbs.
1. am
------------ ‘m
I am
I’ m
2. is
-------------- ‘s
He / She / It
He’s / She’s / It’s
That
That’s
There is
There’ s
What / Where / Who What’s /Where’s /Who’s
3. are
---------------- ‘re
We / You / They are
We’re / You’re / They’ re
4. have
----------------- ‘ve
I / We /You /You /They have I’ve / We’ve /You’ve /You’ve /They’ ve
5. has
------------------ ‘s
He /She /It
He’s /She’s / It’s
There has
There’ s
What / Where / Who
What’s / Where’s / Who’s
6. shall / will
------------------ ‘ll
*I /We shall / will I’ll / We’ ll
You /You /He /She /It /They
will You’ll / You’ll /He’ll
/She’ll /It’ll
They’ ll
7. not
-------------------------- n’t
*am
aren’t
is / are / was / were
isn’t / aren’t / wasn’t / weren’t
have / has / had haven’t / hasn’t / hadn’t
do / does / did
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t
can / could
*can’t / couldn’t
may / might
mayn’t / mightn’t
will / would V *won’t / wouldn’t V
shall / should * shan’t /
shouldn’t
must
mustn’t ought to V oughtn’t to V
Topic 24 Short Forms
Exercise 139 (P1 & short forms)
Rewrite the following Subject and Verb in
short forms.
1.
He is
__________________________
2.
They are __________________________
3. I
am
__________________________
4.
She is
__________________________
5.
We are
__________________________
6.
The children were
__________________________
7.
My parents are
__________________________
8.
Mary was
__________________________
9.
Tom is
__________________________
10.
The teachers were
__________________________
Exercise 140
Rewrite the following Subject and Verb in
short forms.
1.
That is
__________________________
2.
Jane has
__________________________
3.
We have
__________________________
4.
There is
__________________________
5. I
have
__________________________
6.
He has
__________________________
7.
You have
__________________________
8.
They have
__________________________
9.
James has __________________________
10.
You are
__________________________
11.
It is
_________________________
12.
The dog is
__________________________
Exercise 141
Rewrite the following Question-words /
Subject and Verb in short forms.
1.
What is
__________________________
2.
Where has
______________________
3.
Who is
______________________
4.
Where is
______________________
5.
What has ______________________
6.
Who has
______________________
7. I
shall
______________________
8.
Hassan will
______________________
9.
Hie Eng will
______________________
10.
We shall _____________________
11.
Who will
_____________________
12.
When will
_____________________ (85)
Exercise 142
Rewrite the following Verb and Not in short
forms.
1.
were not
______________________
2.
was not
______________________
3.
am not
______________________
4.
is not
______________________
5.
are not ______________________
6.
do not
______________________
7.
can not
______________________
8.
does not
______________________
9.
have not
______________________
10. could not ______________________
Exercise 143
Rewrite the following Verb and Not in short
forms.
1.
has not
______________________
2.
may not
______________________
3.
will not
______________________
4. must
not ______________________
5.
had not
______________________
6.
might not
______________________
7.
would not
______________________
8.
shall not
______________________
9.
should not
______________________
10.
did not
______________________
11.
ought not
______________________
12.
need not
______________________
Exercise 144
Rewrite the following “Subject and Verb” or
“Verb and Not” or “Question – words and Verb” in short forms. (Use short forms
where necessary.)
1.
We did not know where he was yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
2.
Who will fix the door of the kitchen for me?
__________________________________________________________
3.
Jane does not bother to help in the gardening.
__________________________________________________________
4. I
am hanging out the clothes to dry.
__________________________________________________________
5.
Nora has all the information to operate the machine.
__________________________________________________________
6. I
was not in good mood yesterday.
_____________________________________________________ (86)
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