Topic 21 Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that are used to
join words, phrases or sentences.
The conjunctions that we have learnt in
Gear One are ‘and, but, or, so, because, when, until (till), either ----- or,
neither ----- nor ’.
1.
though / although / even though ------
(Never use it with ‘but’)
(But ‘despite / in spite of’ are
prepositions. Hence they have different
structure from the conjunctions ‘though/although/ even though’)
(Subordinate Clause) (Main Clause)
Though / Although / Even though [S] v ----------------, [S] v
------------.
(If the
Subordinate Clause is placed before the Main Clause, we have to mark a
comma. If the Main Clause is placed
before the Subordinate Clause, we don’t mark a comma.)
Though [he] is old, [he] is very strong and healthy.
He is very strong and healthy though he is old.
(Despite being old, he is very strong and healthy.)
(In spite of being old, he is very strong and healthy.)
2.
since [S] v
(from a specified time in the past until a
later time in the past or till
now)
[Dora] has learnt the English language since [she] was
five years old.
(Since Dora was five years old, she has learnt the English language.)
Since he has no time to go home, he packs his lunch every day.
3.
while (during the time that / when); (at the same time as)
While John was sweeping the floor, Aminah was wiping the windows.
(Aminah was wiping the windows while John was sweeping the floor.)
I saw a python while I was walking to school yesterday.
____________________________________________________________
4.
before [S] v
Tina feeds her kitten before [she] goes to school every day.
(Before [Tina] goes to school every day, she feeds her kitten.)
Before [I] go to bed, [I] brush my teeth every night.
(74)
5.
after [S] v
Mr Lee goes to his office after he has taken breakfast every morning.
(After Mr Lee has taken breakfast every morning, he goes to his office.)
6.
if ---------Conditional
Tenses (Topic 22)
____________________________________________________________
7.
as [S] v
(during the time when / while / since / because )
Francis hailed a taxi as he was late to work.
(As Francis was late to work, he hailed a taxi.
She borrows books from the library or friends as she enjoys
reading.
8.
for [S] v ------ (because)
We have to listen attentively for [she] will not repeat the
lesson.
She must hurry through everything for [she] is running short of
time.
9.
so that / so ------ that [S] v
(to show purpose / result)
Tina goes to the park every evening so that she can exercise there.
My grandfather was so angry that he scolded us.
10.
not only ------ but also
Maria is not only hardworking but he is also helpful.
Robert not only eats a lot but
also sleeps a lot.
Try and See:
Fill in the blanks with a suitable
Conjunction ‘though / while / before / after /since / for / so that / so ---
that / not only --- but also / as / but’ .
1.
Peter is fat __________ he is very active.
2.
Leena was _________ tired __________ she almost fainted.
3.
Aminah is still very thin __________ she eats a lot.
4.
That road is __________ narrow __________ winding.
5.
Rita was cooking ____________ her sister was baking.
6.
George has started collecting seashells ________ he was five years old.
7.
Helen slipped and fell just now _______ her foot tripped on something.
8.
James usually feeds his dog _________ he goes to school every day.
9.
Jim made a kite ___________ he could play with his friends.
10.
Mr Tong always go jogging _________ he comes back from work
every day. (75)
Topic 21 Conjunctions
Exercise 121
Fill in the blanks with ‘and / but / though
/ since / while ’.
1.
He is very stingy ___________ he is rich.
2.
Meena was cooking _________ her mother was baking.
3.
Jeff is fat, slow ________
clumsy.
4.
Susan has learnt the violin _________ she was six years old.
5.
Ali is thin and short _______ he is very strong and healthy.
6. I
wake up at 5.30 am, brush my teeth, wash my face ______put on
uniform before I have breakfast.
7.
__________ she is poor, she is always generous to others.
8.
Elinda has plenty of free time _______ she spends little time gardening.
9.
__________ Tina was on her way to the library, she tripped and fell.
10.
__________ Mr Pang left Sibu ten years ago, he has not come back.
Exercise 122
Fill in the blanks with ‘or / because / so
/ before / after’.
1. I
always drink a glass of water _______________ I go to bed.
2.
Vivian has to get up early _____________ she will be late to school.
3.
George does not like bitter gourds _________ it is too bitter for him.
4.
Jack left for home ______________
he had sorted out the files.
5.
The boy was very naughty, ___________ Miss Chong scolded him.
6.
___________ the farmer had dug the soil, he planted some chillies.
7.
The policeman fined Becky ________________ she drove too fast.
8.
Qi Jin always has an egg and two slices of bread _________ he goes to
school.
9.
Mark has spent too much, _________ he does not have enough money
to last him through the month.
10.
Tien Tien has to feed her tortoise ______ her mother will give it away.
Exercise 123
Join the pair of sentences using the
Conjunctions in brackets.
1.
An ant is small. It can lift up a
load many times heavier. (even though)
__________________________________________________________
2.
He got up late yesterday. He
missed the bus. (so -----that)
_________________________________________________________
3.
They have not talked to each other.
They quarrelled last year.
(since)
__________________________________________________________
4. I
was at home. A strong wind uprooted the
guava tree. (when)
__________________________________________________________
5.
This dress is imported. It is
very expensive. (because)
____________________________________________________________ (76)
Exercise 124
Fill in the blanks with ‘either ---or /
neither--- nor / until / as / so—that ’.
1.
Boil the milk water ________ one-fifths of the water is reduced.
2.
It was ________ cold ________ everybody put on a coat.
3.
__________ Peter ________ Hashim knows how to make a kite. One
of them even has kites to give away.
4.
They took shelter at the bus-stop ______________ the rain stopped.
5.
_________ Tom ________ Jim speaks Japanese well. None of them
likes the language.
6.
________ Hock Lee ______ his brother has a car. One of them drives.
7.
________ I was on my way home one day, I saw a kitten in the drain.
8.
_________ my father ________ my uncle smokes. Both of them hates
the smell of cigarette.
9.
Luke couldn’t attend the celebration _______ he was busy that day.
10.
They played chess __________ their parents came home.
Exercise 125
Fill in the blanks with ‘when / not
only---but also / so --- that / so that / although’.
1.
He runs every day _________ he has the stamina to run the marathon.
2.
Peter is _________ intelligent__________ very hardworking.
3.
__________ I was taking a nap, the clock dropped down from the wall.
4.
__________ he was so free, he did not bother to clean his own room.
5.
Hashim was digging __________ he found an antique.
6.
The baby was _______ hungry
__________ it cried all the time.
7. Mr Bong works very hard _________ he can earn
enough for his family.
8.
Jean is __________ a monitor ___________ a leader.
9.
Aida took part in high jump ___________
she was short.
10.
He was _________ shy _________ he
would not dance in the party.
Exercise 126
Join the each pair of sentences using the
Conjunctions given in brackets.
1.
Jeff ate so much. He was bursting
full. (until)
__________________________________________________________
2.
She has been on diet. She can
slim down slowly. (so that)
__________________________________________________________
3.
Rajis went to see a dentist. He
had a bad toothache. (so)
__________________________________________________________
4.
He looks muscular. He often falls
sick. (though)
__________________________________________________________
5.
Which one is an actress, Nina or Nona? (either ---- or)
__________________________________________________________
(77)
No comments:
Post a Comment