Topic 15 Comparison of Adverbs (of
Manner)
There are not many differences between the
Comparison of Adjectives and
the Comparison of Adverbs.
A)
The two differences are:
Comparison of Adjectives Comparison of Adverbs
1. Verb-to-be 1. Ordinary Verb
Linking Verbs
2. Adjectives 2. Adverbs of manner
B) 3
types of Adverbs (~ly)
a) The Positive Degree (D1)
b) The Comparative Degree (D2)
c) The Superlative Degree (D3)
a) The Positive Degree (D1)
as ---------- as
John speaks politely.
John speaks as politely as Hassan.
Jack runs as fast as Jim.
We use
the Positive Degree when we don’t compare or we want to show the same degree,
so we can use ‘as ----- as’ to describe the condition.
(Most
adverbs end in ‘ly’.)
b) The Comparative Degree (D2) (more adverb than)
John speaks more politely than Tom.
Ali runs faster than Jack.
When we
compare, we use the Comparative Degree ‘more ~ly than’. Very few adverbs end in ‘er / r’. (~ly = adverb of manner)
c) The Superlative Degree (D3) (most ~ly of)
Tina speaks most politely of all.
Peter runs fastest of all.
In the
Superlative Degree, we use ‘most ~ly of’.
Very few adverbs end in ‘est / st ’.
C)
Forms of Adverbs ------------- Regular and Irregular
a)
Regular Forms of Adverbs
D1 D2 D3
1. as angrily as more angrily than most angrily of
2. as bravely as more bravely than most bravely of
3. as brightly as more brightly than most brightly of (48)
4. as busily as more busily than most busily of
5. as carefully as more carefully than most carefully of
6. as clearly as more clearly than most clearly of
7. as cleverly as more cleverly than most cleverly of
8. as easily as more easily than most easily of
9. as fairly as more fairly than most fairly of
10. as finely
as more finely than most finely of
11. as gently
as more gently than most gently of
12. as greedily
as more greedily than most greedily of
13. as happily
as more happily than most happily of
14. as heavily
as more heavily than most heavily of
15. as hungrily
as more hungrily than most hungrily of
16. as kindly
as more kindly than most kindly of
17. as lazily
as more lazily than most lazily of
18. as lightly
as more lightly than most lightly of
19. as luckily
as more luckily than most luckily of
20. as merrily
as more merrily than most merrily of
21. as narrowly
as more narrowly than most narrowly of
22. as nicely
as more nicely than most nicely of
23. as noisily
as more noisily than most noisily of
24. as palely
as more palely than most palely of
25. as proudly
as more proudly than most proudly of
26. as quickly
as more quickly than most quickly of
27. as quietly as more quietly than most quietly of
28. as sadly as more sadly than most sadly of
29. as sharply as more sharply than most sharply of
30. as smoothly as more smoothly than most smoothly of
31. as slowly as more slowly than most slowly of
32. as strongly as more strongly than most strongly of
33. as sweetly as more sweetly than most sweetly of
35. as truly as more truly than most truly of
36. as ugly as more ugly than most ugly of
37. as warmly as more warmly than most warmly of
38. as widely as more widely than most widely of
39. as wildly as more wildly than most wildly of
40. as wisely as more wisely than most wisely of
(49)
er / r est / st
1. as early as earlier than earliest of
2. as fast as faster than fastest of
3. as hard as harder than hardest of
4. as late as later than latest of
5. as long as longer than longest of
6. as near as nearer than nearest of
7. as soon as sooner than soonest of
b)
Irregular Forms of Adverbs
1. as badly as worse than worst of
2. as far as farther than (distance)
farthest of
as far as further than (degree)
furthest of
3. as little as less than least of
4. as much as more than most of
5. as well as better than best of
D.
Both Adjective and Adverb have the same form of the following words.
1. early earlier earliest
2. fast faster fastest
3. far farther /
further farthest / furthest
4. little less least
5. late later latest
6. well better best
* The
types of Verb decide whether it is an adjective or adverb.
Verb-to-be / Linking Verb -------- adjective
Ordinary Verbs -------------------- adverbs
(Any verb
which shows an action is an Ordinary Verb.)
Joe is early to school every day. (is – early---adj)
Joe goes to school early every day.
(goes – early… adv)
Peter is faster than Tom in typing. (is – faster…adj)
Peter types faster than Tom. (types – faster… adv)
Mary is the best of all in sports. (is – best… adj)
Mary does best of all in sports. (does – best… adv)
(50)
Topic 15
Comparison of
Adverbs
Exercise 85
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree
of Adverbs.
1.
Ramus can run so much______________(fast) than I.
2.
James studies______________(hard) of all in his class.
3.
Robert speaks as______________(loudly) as he can.
4.
My uncle drives __________________(careful) than my father.
5.
Jeff ate ______________(much) of all at the party.
6.
Nordia slept as ______________(soundly) as her baby sister last night.
7.
Ali fought ______________(bravely) than his cousin to defeat the thief.
8.
The man entered the house as______________(quietly) as a cat.
9.
Aida sang ______________(sweetly) of all in the concert last weekend.
10.
Mariana danced as_____________(beautifully) as a professional
ballerina.
Exercise 86
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree
of Adverbs.
1.
Ali shouted ________________(angrily) than my brother.
2.
Meena wrote this composition _____________(badly) of all in her class.
3.
Tina ate as______________(little) as a bird.
4.
Jim passed up the work______________(early) than I.
5.
Jeff, the fatty plays basketball____________________(clumsily) of all.
6.
Helen speaks ______________(gently) to others than her sister.
7.
Zaki behaved as______________(rudely) as Ah Kong.
8.
That fireman fought______________(fiercely) of all to put out the fire.
9.
His torchlight shone ___________________(brightly) than mine.
10.
Zi Wei acted as________________(timidly) as a mouse in the concert.
Exercise 87
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree
of Adverbs.
1. Elizabeth arranges her
books ______________(neatly) of all.
2.
George spoke as______________(roughly) as Henry yesterday.
3.
Aminah cried ______________(sadly) than her sister over the death of
their pet hamster.
4.
Ping Sing carried out his plan____________________(busily) of all.
5.
The little boy ran away as_______________(quickly) as a hare.
6.
Tony answered all the questions ___________________(skilfully) of all.
7.
Wendy spoke ________________(politely)
than Qi Ann in the meeting.
8.
Sarah expressed herself_______________________(proudly) of all.
9.
It rained_______________________(heavily) yesterday than today.
10.
Irene wished she could fly about as_____________(freely) as a bird.
11.
Mariana jumped __________________________(high) than Maria.
12.
Jurina suffered ____________________(much) than her sister. (51)
Exercise 88
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree
of Adverbs.
1.
Huiyun jumped about as_____________(happily) as Miss Yii.
2.
The children clapped their hands ___________________(cheerfully)
than the adults.
3.
Jack always parks his car as___________________(safely) as possible.
4.
Nordina does her work
________________(silently) of all in the office.
5.
Helen writes
___________________________ (well) than Helena.
6.
Mark solved the problem as___________________(wisely) as Wei Hua.
7.
The little boy sat ___________________(comfortably) of all in the hall.
8.
Xian Huat ate his meal __________________________(hungrily) of all.
9.
Ali treated his dog as_______________________(cruelly) as Ahmad.
10.
Betty faced the danger _________________(calmly) than her brother.
Exercise 89
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree
of Adverbs.
1.
Aida danced _________________________(gracefully) than Maria.
2.
Cindy tidied up the room ______________________(playfully) of all.
3.
Miss Ung explains as________________________(clearly) as she can.
4.
Nordia appeared _________________________(suddenly) than Susan.
5.
Jack acted _________________________(selfishly) of all in the group.
6.
Jeff ate as_________________________________(greedily) as a wolf.
7.
Cecilia’s aunt treated her _________________(harshly) than her uncle.
8.
Chiayi smiled ________________________(gladly) of all with the prize.
9.
Penny has reduced her weight _______________(much) than Wennie.
10.
I mentioned as___________________(little) of her faults as possible.
11.
Miss Fong speaks _________________(frankly) of all.
12.
They commit themselves________________(much) than before.
Exercise 90
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree
of Adverbs.
1.
David behaved himself _______________________ (obediently) of all.
2.
This machine runs
_________________(smoothly) than the other one.
3.
Qi Xian does his work ________________________(thoughtfully) of all.
4.
The farmer drilled a well as___________________(deeply) as he could.
5.
Rita’s parents treat the children as______________(fairly) as they can.
6.
That clown acted _______________________________(funnily) of all.
7.
Rajis walked _______________________________(lazily) than Ramus.
8.
Luke talked as ____________________________(noisily) as a sparrow.
9.
James replied ______________________________(sharply) than Jean.
10.
Mr Chieng settled the dispute __________________(sensibly) of all.
11.
Wendy responded as _________________ (eagerly) as her brother.
12.
Tien Ann recovered _______________(speedily) than Tien Tien. (52)
Topic 16 Review on Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns -------à this / that/ these / those ----------refer to something specific.
‘This / That ’ refers to anything Singular in number.
‘These / Those ’ refers to anything Plural
in number.
Anything
Singular in number near to us, we use ‘this’; far from us, we use ‘that’.
Anything
Plural in number near to us, we use ‘these’; far from us, we use ‘those’.
Singular Plural
this these (near / here)
that those (far / there)
[This / That ] singular verb --------------------- (Pronoun)
[These / Those] plural verb -------------------- (Pronoun)
‘This
/That /These /Those’ are used in place of the subject. They are pronouns.
[This] is a laptop. [That] is a
digital camera.
[These] are mice. [Those] are
hamsters.
‘This
/That’ as a subject can be replaced by the pronoun ‘it’.
‘These /
Those’ as a subject can be replaced by the pronoun ‘they’.
it = this / that
they = these / those
A
Singular Subject ‘[This /That]’ is followed by a Singular Verb.
A Plural
Subject ‘[These / Those]’ is followed by a Plural Verb.
* A
Singular Verb -----à (is / was )
(v + s / es
------à Simple Present Tense)
* A
Plural Verb ---------à (are / were)
(V ----(root verb) -------à Simple Present Tense)
*(A root
verb is the original form of verb (F1) without any suffix.)
[This / That Singular Noun]
Singular Verb ------------à(attributive
adj)
[These / Those Plural Noun] Plural Verb ---------------à (attributive adj)
[This guitar] is expensive. [That
compact disk] is cheap.
[These puppies] are lovely.
[Those kittens] are noisy.
(‘This /That /These /Those’ are used as
attributive adjectives as they are
placed before a noun, so they act as
adjectives.) (53)
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