Tuesday, 16 July 2013

Topic 28



Topic 28                  The Past Perfect Tense          
We use the Past Perfect Tense to show an action that took place earlier before another action happened in the past. It has nothing to do with the Present situation.
Verb Patterns
        [S]  had F4 ------------------------------------------------. (+)
        [S]  had not F4  -------------------------------------------.( - )    
        Had [S] F4  -------------------------------------------------( ? )

(We use ‘had F4’ regardless the Subject in Person and in Number.)
(It is usually used with the Simple Past Tense F3. )

     When [S] had F4 -----------------, [S]  F3  --------------------------. 
     ([S] F3 ----------------------when [S] had F4-------------------------.)
     When [S] F3 ----------------------, [S] had F4  ----------------------.
     ([S] had F4 ------------------when [S] F3 -----------------------------.)
(This tense also goes with the other Conjunctions like ‘when / before / after’.)

     [We] had painted (the whole house) when [Jack] arrived.
     [Tina] had taken (her dinner) when [Peter] called at (her house).

      [Rita] went home after [she] had cleaned up the place.
      (After Rita had cleaned up the place, she went home.)

      Before [Meena] bought (the car), she had asked her sister for advice.
      (Meena had asked her sister for advice before she bought the car.)

When the Subordinate Clause is placed before the Main Clause, we need to mark a comma.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Similarity and Difference

          Present Perfect Tense                  Past Perfect Tense
                have
                has       F4                                had    F4       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We use Present Perfect Tense to show what we have done or not but it affects the situation now.

     Irene has cooked the lunch.  (She can eat now.)
     I have bought an interesting book.                                     
     (I can lend you after I have read the book.)                               (99)
Topic 28                        Past Perfect Tense                                
Exercise  163
Fill in the blanks with the Past Perfect Tense.         
1.  After he _____________ (sort) out all the things, he left the office.
2.  Mrs Ting went out after she _____________(tidy) up the house.
3.  Aida ______________ (decorate) the sitting room when her sister and
    brother came home.
4.  Aminah ______________(cook) ten - course meal on Moon – cake
    festival before she decided to serve a course of fruit salad.
5.  Julia and I ______________ (dismantle) the machine before they knew
     that they had to switch it off first.
6.  Oliver discovered that it was the fault of fusible link after the technician
     _____________ (install) the new switch to the car.

Exercise  164
Fill in the blanks with the Past Perfect Tense.
1.  Lilian _____________ (fix) the door – knob before Luke lent his hand.
2.  Elinda decided to change the name of the company after she
     ________________ (discuss) it with her partner.
3.  Nina’s mother brought her to the doctor after she ________________
     (vomit) the second time.
4.  The Yong family _______________(move) away before the house
     collapsed.
5.  Ching Chie _______________(dispose) all the rubbish when her friends
     arrived.
6.  Nardia realised the amount she had to pay after she ______________ 
    (download) the information.

Exercise  165
Fill in the blanks with the Past Perfect or Simple Past Tense.
1.  Before Ai Ngo ____________(get) any help from the social welfare, she
     ____________ (suffer) so much.
2.  Chiayu’ s mother ___________(put) on diet after she ______________
    (consult) the nutritionist.
3.  Irene __________(learn) her lesson before she __________ (change).
4.  Hashim ____________(sneeze) several times before he ____________
     (find) out that the room was a bit too dusty.
5.  Jean ____________ (feel) giddy after she ______________ (stay) in
     the poorly ventilated room for some time.
6.  Mrs Chan ______________(subscribe) the Stars before she _________
    (know) that her husband preferred the Borneo Post.
7.  Samy’s sister  ______________(resign) her job as a salesgirl after she
     _______________ (find) a better job.                                       (100)

Exercise  166                                                                               
Fill in the blanks with the Past Perfect or Simple Past Tense.
1.  The hen ______________(escape) before Ah Ming __________(find)
     out a hole for it to run away.
2.  The security guard ______________ (walk) around the building two
     times before he _____________(catch) a man hiding under a staircase.
3.  Lucia ______________(notice) the dark clouds after she ___________
     (hang) out the clothes.
4.  Jurina only _______________(remember) to thank the man after he
     ______________ (leave).
5.  The man ____________(lose) his way before he____________(meet)
     the woodcutter.
6.  The girl ____________(cry) as she ______________(topple) the potty.

Exercise  167
Rewrite the following Past Perfect Tense in a Negative form.
1.  The lady had given birth before she reached the hospital.
     __________________________________________________________
2.  Susan had got up before the alarm clock rang.
     __________________________________________________________
3.  Tien Ann had thrown away the shoes before he told his mother.
     __________________________________________________________
4.  George had broken the guitar string when he tried to adjust the tune.
     __________________________________________________________
5.  Mr Jong had repaired the car before the mechanic arrived.
     __________________________________________________________
6.  The washer of the tap had worn out before it started dripping.
     __________________________________________________________

Exercise  168
Rewrite the following sentences in a Question form.
1.  Catherine had fed the chickens before she drew a picture.
     __________________________________________________________
2.  They had practised so hard before they took part in the competition.
     __________________________________________________________
3.  Hassan had caught a full bucket of fish before he scooped up a toad.
     __________________________________________________________
4.  Leena had spotted a suspicious man when she arrived home one day.
     __________________________________________________________
5.  The children had scattered before the principal appeared.
     __________________________________________________________
6.  The clerk herself had filed all the documents alone before.
     _____________________________________________________(101)

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